By Judy Ou, M.D., PAMF Ophthalmology

Conjunctivitis, commonly known as pink eye, is an inflammation of the outermost layer of the eye and the inner surface of the eyelids that is usually due to an infection (bacterial or viral), allergies or irritation.

When most parents think of pink eye, they are often concerned about a bacterial infection of the eye. However, redness, irritation and tearing are symptoms common to all forms of pink eye. A visit to an ophthalmologist can help families distinguish between the different causes and ensure proper diagnosis and treatment.

Viral Conjunctivitis

Viral conjunctivitis is common in school settings. It is typically caused by exposure to other children who are infected with pink eye or have a cold. Symptoms of viral conjunctivitis include redness and watery discharge from the eye. Children with a cold often have a cough or runny nose. These symptoms are normal and rarely require treatment.

Viral conjunctivitis may last up to two to three weeks and usually resolves on its own without treatment. Artificial tears (lubricant eye drops) may be used to help relieve symptoms. Children with viral conjunctivitis should wash their hands frequently and limit contact with others to avoid spreading the viral infection.

Bacterial Conjunctivitis

Bacterial conjunctivitis is often caused by contact with other children infected with bacterial pink eye or associated with a sinus or sore throat infection that requires treatment with oral antibiotics. Children with bacterial conjunctivitis often have green or yellow discharge from their eyes that may cause the eyelids to stick together.

Treatment typically includes topical antibiotic eye drops or ointments that are applied directly to the eye.

Allergic Conjunctivitis

Allergic conjunctivitis occurs more commonly in patients with a history of eczema or asthma and in the presence of environmental allergens, such as plant pollen or dander. It can occur more in the springtime when pollen from plants is abundant. Signs and symptoms include itchy eyes, swollen lids and watery discharge.

Treatment for allergic conjunctivitis includes topical eye drops that minimize allergic reactions. Severe cases may require use of topical steroids and careful monitoring by a doctor.

Diagnosis and Treatment

If your child's pink eye does not respond to typical treatments, or if your child complains of pain or vision problems, it is a good idea to visit an ophthalmologist for medical evaluation and care.

Dr. Ou is a board certified ophthalmologist. She sees patients at PAMF's Palo Alto Center on Mondays, and the Fremont Center on Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays.