Insulin for type 1 and type 2 diabetes

The different types of insulin are categorized according to how fast they start to work (onset) and how long they continue to work (duration). The types now available include rapid-, short-, intermediate-, and long-acting insulin.

Rapid-acting

Short-acting

Intermediate-acting

Long-acting

There are premixed rapid- and intermediate-acting insulins available, including:

• 70% intermediate-acting (NPH) and 30% short-acting regular insulin, called 70/30 insulin.
• 50% intermediate-acting (NPH) and 50% short-acting regular insulin, called 50/50 insulin.
• 75% intermediate-acting and 25% rapid-acting Humalog (lispro), called 75/25 insulin.
• 70% intermediate-acting and 30% rapid-acting NovoLog (insulin aspart), called NovoLog Mix 70/30.

Packaging

Injectable insulin is packaged in small glass vials (bottles) and cartridges that hold more than one dose and are sealed with rubber lids. The cartridges are used in pen-shaped devices called insulin pens.

How insulin is taken

Insulin usually is given as an injection into the tissues under the skin (subcutaneous). It can also be given through an insulin pump, an insulin pen, or jet injector, a device that sprays the medicine into the skin. Some insulins can be given through a vein (only in a hospital).

Research is ongoing to develop not only new forms of insulin but also insulin that can be taken in other ways, such as by mouth or nasal spray.

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